PA · ING.PA
Price · as of 2019-12-31
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Valuation summary
Four models, one snapshot. Upside is target ÷ current − 1.
| Valuation method | Value, $ | Upside, % |
|---|---|---|
| Artificial Intelligence(AI) | — | — |
| Intrinsic Value(DCF) | — | — |
| Graham-Dodd Method(GD) | $0.12 | — |
| Graham Formula(GF) | $113.56 | — |
Valuation history
Annual price (USD per share) overlaid with each model's fair value. Y-axis is log scale.
| Year | Price | AI | DCF | Graham-Dodd | Graham Formula |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2005 | $0.00 | $0.00 | |||
| 2006 | $7.61 | $12.46 | |||
| 2007 | $10.90 | $24.64 | |||
| 2008 | $5.81 | $29.26 | |||
| 2009 | $3.18 | $2.58 | |||
| 2010 | $2.79 | $29.35 | |||
| 2011 | $5.99 | $20.57 | |||
| 2012 | $8.33 | $53.88 | |||
| 2013 | $5.59 | $45.44 | |||
| 2014 | $5.39 | $77.78 | |||
| 2015 | $14.56 | $168.11 | |||
| 2016 | $16.44 | $53.86 | |||
| 2017 | $0.89 | $68.86 | |||
| 2018 | $0.00 | $38.11 | |||
| 2019 | $0.12 | $113.56 |
AI valuation
Our deep-learning model estimates 's (ING.PA) per-share fair value from quarterly fundamentals, sector trend, and historical valuation patterns.
- AI fair value
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- Current price
- —
- AI upside
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Methodology and confidence bands appear in the dedicated valuation theory section. The AI score is an estimate, not a recommendation.
Intrinsic value (DCF)
Open DCF calculatorThree textbook valuation models, recomputed daily from the latest financial statements. The DCF uses our Chepakovich model. Graham-Dodd and Graham Formula are conservative reference points.
DCF
—
— upside
Graham-Dodd
$0.12
— upside
Graham Formula
$113.56
— upside
Disclaimer: Information on this page is provided for educational purposes only and does not constitute investment advice. Upside computed as (— ÷ —) − 1 = — (DCF, example).